CONTINUOUS WELDED TURNOUTs are important for CWR track through the railway station. According to equivalent resistance and non-linear theories and the principle of force diagram, a new method of theoretical calculation for CONTINUOUS WELDED TURNOUTs was developed. The CONTINUOUS WELDED TURNOUTs designed and installed according to the new theory behaved fairly well. The data collected on sites basically agreed with those of theoretical calculation. It was proved that the calculation theory is correct and values of calculation parameters are reasonable.

Providing accurate estimates of the TURNOUT and estimating the votes of candidates is always of interest to individuals, parties, factions, groups and political and social institutions in the country. By Providing a solution for missing data of statistical population units and post-stratified sampling, Better results can be obtained to estimate the participation and votes of candidates than other probability sampling methods. The effects of the sampling plan and post-stratified sampling on analytical statistics led to accurate estimates using sample averages that had previously been neglected in the practical analysis of election polling.

In this research, the mechanical behavior of both timber and concrete sleepers in a standard TURNOUT is evaluated withconsideration of speed effects. In approaching this evaluation, current practices in the structural analysis of sleepersare surveyed and then, the sensitivity analyses with ABAQUS software are made based on governing criteria (i. e. bending and shear stresses as well as stress distribution under sleeper). Considering various sleepers with differentdimensions in a TURNOUT, two specific ones are selected as the representatives of moving (switch) and fixed (frog) parts. The results show that the maximum bending stress of timber sleeper compared to the concrete one is reduced to about55%, due to more flexibility. However, better behavior is resulted in concrete sleeper because of higher strength ofmaterials. Meanwhile, the bearing pressure of timber sleeper on ballast layer is about 80% higher which means that, the concrete sleeper provides better stress distribution for ballast materials. The theoretical effects of speed increasefrom 150 to 300 Km/hr is also investigated which leads to an increase of about 30% in the stresses outputs.

To divert water from a large diameter irrigation pipeline to a smaller diameter plastic gated pipe so called "Hydroflume", a pipe TURNOUT was designed and built in the Sugar cane development and Byproducts Company with the cooperation of the Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran. This pipe TURNOUT not only conveys water but it also dissipates the excess energy. The structure has of a circular broad crested weir for measuring flow discharge. It also was equipped by a piezometer to facilate flow measurement. The TURNOUT consists of two 800-millimeters precast concrete pipe and has been designed in such a way that can be produced in large quantities in the factory and then installed in the farm. In this paper the design criteria including: investigation of various alternatives and selection of the best type, hydraulics and structural design, laboratory and field tests are presented.

Participation is the lifeblood of democracy. Indeed, the health and satisfaction of a democracy is often seen in its level of TURNOUT. Therefore, understanding of the reason of voting by people, and stimulating factors of political participation, can be helpful for decision making in the political, economic, and social spheres.This study aims to investigate the determinants of voter TURNOUT in Iran. In this study, the analysis of the conventional regression and spatial econometrics have been used to identify effective factors on voter TURNOUT of the various provinces in presidential elections in 2013.The results indicate that among the various factors, unemployment and political- secure factors have had a negative impact, and the amount of the reformist candidates' votes has had a positive effect on voter TURNOUT.Spatial analysis also shows that there is no significant dependence between rates of voters' participation.

To deliver water from a large diameter irrigation pipeline to a smaller diameter plastic gated pipe so called "Hydroflume", a pipe TURNOUT was designed, built and installed in the farms of the Sugar Cane Development and By-products Company, Ahwaz, Iran. In this paper the hydraulic performance of these pipe TURNOUTs along a low pressure irrigation pipeline and their sensitivity against variation of hydraulic gradient, which caused by opening and closing other TURNOUTs, was calculated by a computer model which developed by the author. Calculations by this computer model show that the discharge of all TURNOUTs are varied by opening or closing any of the TURNOUTs along the pipeline, but these variations are not equal for all operating TURNOUTs. The TURNOUTs which located at the end of pipeline are the most sensitive to the hydraulic gradient variation which may be about 5 percent. The procedure for sensitivity calculation and results are presented in this paper.

Due to the importance of the fundamental role of TURNOUTs in network operations and their higher vulnerability than other assets, TURNOUT condition monitoring is necessary for reliability-centered maintenance. Along with periodic visual inspections, real-time infrastructure condition detection can help introduce the structure's performance so that infrastructure maintenance is more reliable. A new approach for railway TURNOUT pass-by condition detection is provided based on statistical process control (SPC) of damage-sensitive features (DSF) using switchblade lateral displacement (BLD) measurements.  BLD time series data is modeled using a neural network model to extract DSF. This approach is applied to 33 passenger trains. The results of the proposed approach are validated by analysis of BLD and switch rod force sensor outputs. This method can be applied in TURNOUT short-term condition monitoring for condition detection, leading to preventive maintenance, proper track operation management, and increased reliability.